Our final observations address the potential for generalized, transdiagnostic vulnerability factors that could be at play in eating disorders and addiction. The identification of clinical phenotypes could significantly contribute to more comprehensive prediction, prevention, and treatment research in clinical environments. Taking into account sex and gender differences is further highlighted.
Finally, we delve into the possibility that some vulnerability factors are common to eating disorders and addictive disorders, exhibiting a transdiagnostic effect. Research on prediction, prevention, and treatment in clinical settings can be significantly supplemented and intensified by the characterization of clinical phenotypes. The importance of recognizing both sex and gender variations is reaffirmed.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and prolonged exposure (PE) therapy on the neural correlates of post-traumatic growth in adult trauma survivors.
In order to execute our systematic search, we made use of the databases Boston College Libraries, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. After our preliminary search, 834 studies were found suitable for initial screening. To select articles for in-depth review, seven criteria were applied. Upon completion of the systematic review, twenty-nine studies remained for the next step, full-text review. A series of analytical levels were used to examine the studies. Akt inhibitor Every study's pre- and post-test post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) scores were collected and analyzed using a forest plot with Hedges' g as the metric. The Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates and t-scores were collected and subsequently analyzed using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) methodology to determine brain function. Using Pearson correlations, a determination was made regarding the existence of any connections between T-scores and Hedges' g values, for each modality, examining the association between brain function and post-traumatic growth. The review's conclusive assessment of potential publication bias involved applying both bubble plots and Egger's tests to each of the reviewed studies.
Analysis of the forest plot revealed a strong effect of each of the three interventions on PTGI scores. EMDR therapy emerged as the most effective treatment for impacting brain function, according to the ALE meta-analysis, with the most significant impact observed in the right thalamus.
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The robust activation of the precuneus, closely followed by the R precuneus, is evident.
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Following your request, a list of sentences is being returned in this JSON schema format. Akt inhibitor EMDR's impact on brain function was found, via Pearson correlation analysis, to be the most strongly correlated with PTGI scores.
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Sentence lists are returned by this JSON schema. The bubble plot's qualitative assessment showed no clear indication of publication bias, as further confirmed by the Egger's test results.
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Our meta-analytic review of systematic studies found that CPT, EMDR, and PE consistently produced a robust impact on post-traumatic growth over the duration of treatment. Comparative analyses of neural activity (ALE) and PTGI scores (Pearson correlation) suggest EMDR’s more substantial impact on PTG impacts and brain function in comparison with CPT and PE.
A robust effect of CPT, EMDR, and PE on post-traumatic growth (PTG) was consistently demonstrated across treatment phases in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Comparative analyses of neural activity (ALE), employing PTGI scores (Pearson correlation), indicated EMDR's greater effect on the impact of post-traumatic growth and associated brain function than CPT and PE.
Employing 'digital addiction' as a broad term encompassing dependencies on digital technologies like the internet, smartphones, social media, and video games, this study sought to unveil the intellectual structure and trajectory of research investigating the correlation between digital addiction and depression.
In pursuit of this objective, the study combined the techniques of bibliometrics and science mapping. Utilizing a detailed search and extraction process from the Web of Science Core Collection, the research study amassed data from 241 articles for its final dataset. A comparative science mapping analysis, using the SciMAT software, was undertaken employing a period-based approach.
Data analysis performed over the periods of Period 1 (1983-2016), Period 2 (2017-2019), and Period 3 (2020-2022) highlighted the prevalence of internet addiction throughout, with social media addiction being the next most frequently observed theme. Period 1 witnessed the rise of depression as a crucial topic; later, this theme was incorporated into the anxiety disorder discussion. A significant area of research interest concerned the correlation between addiction and depression, investigating elements like cognitive biases, sleep problems, feelings of isolation, self-worth, social support availability, alexithymia, and the potential impacts of online harassment or academic achievements.
The findings suggest the necessity of extensive research into the intricate connection between digital addiction and depression, especially within the age ranges of children and the elderly. Likewise, the present analysis indicated that this line of inquiry primarily concentrated on internet, gaming, and social media addiction, with scant evidence concerning other forms of digital addiction or associated compulsive behaviors. Akt inhibitor Research, additionally, was overwhelmingly concerned with identifying the correlations between causes and effects, which is essential, however, strategies to prevent the consequences were seldom explored. Similarly, the correlation between smartphone use and depression, arguably, has received less scholarly attention; therefore, future studies in this area could make valuable contributions.
The digital addiction-depression connection warrants substantial investigation across various age groups, particularly among children and the elderly, according to the findings. Paralleling the current analysis, this research line was largely focused on internet, gaming, and social media addiction, with a considerable deficiency of evidence related to other digital addictions or similar compulsive patterns. Subsequently, research concentrated mainly on the understanding of cause-and-effect associations, which is essential, but preventive countermeasures were scarcely investigated. Likewise, the potential link between smartphone overuse and depression has, arguably, received less research attention; therefore, future research studies in this area would add valuable insights to the field.
The cognitive assessment of refusal speech acts in memory clinics is examined in relation to the cognitive abilities of older adults. From a multimodal perspective, the refusal speech acts of nine Chinese older adults, and the associated illocutionary force, were annotated and analyzed within the context of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic. In sum, the cognitive competence of the elderly notwithstanding, the most common rhetorical tool for declining is the explicit demonstration of their cognitive inadequacy in undertaking or continuing the required mental exercise. Individuals with less developed cognitive abilities demonstrated a greater frequency and degree of the refusal illocutionary force (hereafter RIF). Cognitively influenced pragmatic compensation mechanisms facilitate a dynamic and synergistic combination of multiple expression devices (e.g., prosodic features and non-verbal actions) to assist older adults in expressing refusal and conveying their emotional and intentional states. Cognitive assessment demonstrates a link between the cognitive capacity of older adults and both the quantity and the rate of refusal speech acts.
A greater variety of individuals now contribute to the workforce compared to earlier times. While organizations strategically leverage a diverse workforce to boost team creativity and overall effectiveness, there are inherent risks, with interpersonal friction often emerging as a significant concern. However, the connection between workforce diversity and elevated interpersonal conflict, and subsequently, how to best reduce its negative repercussions, remains largely unclear. Based on the principles of workplace diversity theories (such as the categorization-elaboration model), this study explored the relationship between workforce diversity and interpersonal conflict, focusing on the mediating role of affective states. The study also examined the influence of organization-initiated inclusive human resources management (HRM) practices and employee-led learning-oriented behaviors on mitigating this indirect impact. Our hypotheses were corroborated by two-wave surveys encompassing 203 employees from various Chinese organizations. Our study indicated a positive link between perceived workforce diversity and interpersonal conflict, influenced by increased negative affect (after controlling for objective diversity, using the Blau index). This indirect effect diminished with higher levels of inclusive HRM practices and employee learning behaviors. Our research underscores the importance for organizations to comprehend the detrimental outcomes arising from workforce diversity. Concurrently, it is vital to integrate both top-down (e.g., inclusive HRM practices) and bottom-up (e.g., employee-led learning behaviors) strategies for managing the challenges stemming from diversity in the workplace in order to maximize its benefits.
Heuristical approaches, or methods of taking shortcuts, can improve adaptability to uncertainty, leading to suitable decisions despite limited data. However, the predictability of heuristics collapses under the burden of extreme uncertainty, where the profound lack of information results in any heuristic application being highly inaccurate and seriously compromising accuracy-seeking. So, under extraordinarily uncertain circumstances, decision-makers often turn to heuristics, producing no worthwhile gain.